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??轉型與探索:第30屆歐洲鄉(xiāng)村社會學大會觀察與紀要
馬惠娣(2025年8月2日)每兩年一屆的歐洲鄉(xiāng)村社會學大會于7月7-11日在拉脫維亞首都里加舉行,這是第30屆會議,至今持續(xù)六十年。其基本理念:“去增長、少消費、更自然”。 本次會議由Rīga Stradi?? University承辦,多國學者組成大會科學委員會。主題是:“引領鄉(xiāng)村轉型:探索宜居未來”(Navigating rural transitions: Exploring liveable futures),吸引四百余人出席大會,包括專業(yè)性的和跨學科的。大會邀請了三位著名學者做了大會報告,對氣候變化與不確定性未來的鄉(xiāng)村轉型做了深刻分析和具有遠見卓識的預警,以及對學者社會責任的期待。 大會開幕式的前奏(社交)在前一天晚上的里加古城有著一千余年歷史的DOME修道院舉行,新朋舊友在此相聚。當?shù)亟M委會以拉脫維亞人傳統(tǒng)的待客形式——伴著悠揚的手風琴樂曲和穿著民族服飾的年輕女子,翩翩起舞。熱情地邀客人們共舞。因為當時下著雨,這些活動不得不由修道院中心草坪改為在廊道內。但并未影響整個活動呈現(xiàn)的簡潔而熱烈、浪漫與輕松、自然又友好的氣氛。 大會的基本理念:在當今世界充滿挑戰(zhàn)的背景下,引領鄉(xiāng)村轉型,探索宜居鄉(xiāng)村的未來,正面臨一系列多元化的挑戰(zhàn),同時也具有可能性——實現(xiàn)所有人共享的公正、可持續(xù)且“值得生活”的未來;勉強維持生計甚至災難性的未來;介于兩者之間的所有情境的未來。這些未來的可能性,需要學者們參與批判性的社會政治與社會生態(tài)議題討論,當然,也不僅僅限于此。 同樣有些議題十分重要,諸如:農業(yè)與糧食系統(tǒng),正義與歧視,知識政治,社會動員與能動性,移民與流動性,技術、聯(lián)結與團結,關懷與希望。此外,還需關注(地方)民主、集體行動的重要性,以及在鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展相對自主的組織形式(如鄉(xiāng)村公共資源)。 探討這些議題意味著既要關注當下人們的實際生活經驗與實踐,也要考量人們的愿景與期待。這要求我們運用、質疑并發(fā)展新的理論與方法,同時就研究者的角色及所需采取的行動展開討論。 在持續(xù)的不確定性及多重交織的“危機”中,如何確保宜居鄉(xiāng)村的未來,尤其關注那些能被剖析并參與實現(xiàn)宜居鄉(xiāng)村未來過程中不同動態(tài)、實踐、張力、矛盾與復雜關聯(lián)的問題尤為重要。 圍繞“引領鄉(xiāng)村轉型:探索宜居未來”這一主題,大會設有三十九個分議題: 1、基于價值的替代性食物體系:認證之外的質量保障與可持續(xù)實踐 2、土地改革與社區(qū)共有土地:構建宜居未來的路徑 3、代際更迭、可持續(xù)農業(yè)與鄉(xiāng)村未來 4、農業(yè)中生活與工作的交集:探索如何創(chuàng)造宜居的"當下"與未來 5、游戲化鄉(xiāng)村宜居未來:研究與教育中的游戲設計 6、鄉(xiāng)村能否成為新的創(chuàng)意中心?基于地域的文化創(chuàng)新與變革力量 7、鄉(xiāng)村驗證:是多元意義的否定還是地方化政策制定的希望工具? 8、從糧食之鄉(xiāng)到碳匯之地——農業(yè)生計與氣候解決方案市場的張力 9、鄉(xiāng)村紳士化的多元形態(tài) 10、我們?yōu)楹谓淌卩l(xiāng)村社會學?其目的何在? 11、轉型期鄉(xiāng)村地域中森林與林業(yè)的角色 12、轉型期鄉(xiāng)村空間的社會參與和行動主義 13、鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)重煥聯(lián)結活力的路徑 14、構建依賴水資源的轉型期鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)的宜居未來 15、鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)食物自給與技能:家庭與社區(qū)層面的韌性啟示 16、研究鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)社會-生態(tài)轉型的社會維度 17、“獨辟蹊徑”(Queering)視角下的農業(yè)與鄉(xiāng)村性 18、回到未來?鄉(xiāng)村生物經濟與農業(yè)食品未來 19、重構南歐鄉(xiāng)村空間轉型:生計機遇與日常生活 20、生物區(qū)域戰(zhàn)略:尋求社會、經濟與環(huán)境未來平衡的宜居鄉(xiāng)村 21、知識經濟與文化十字路口:移民與歐洲鄉(xiāng)村的轉型 22、數(shù)字基礎設施能否鋪就農業(yè)宜居未來? 23、農業(yè)領土化前沿:經濟可行性、社會生態(tài)可持續(xù)性與食物系統(tǒng)未來 24、量化環(huán)境:社會與自然關系的重塑 25、性別平等與農業(yè)及鄉(xiāng)村未來的宜居性 26、鄉(xiāng)村住房危機還是危機中的鄉(xiāng)村住房?國際視野下的當前挑戰(zhàn) 27、島嶼的本位研究:發(fā)展宜居島未來的研究方法 28、技術與數(shù)字化的鄉(xiāng)村未來 29、構建宜居鄉(xiāng)村未來:社會氣候正義視角下的社會團結經濟 30、融合公共領域與政策制定:運用社會學知識創(chuàng)造宜居未來? 31、動蕩的當下與不確定未來:如何探索并駕馭農業(yè)食品系統(tǒng)與鄉(xiāng)村轉型 32、鄉(xiāng)村語境下包容性研究實踐的反思 33、地域層面生態(tài)農業(yè)轉型:方向、僵局與迂回之路 34、農場轉型:多樣化、綠色化及其他社會經濟可持續(xù)路徑 35、鄉(xiāng)村轉型的政治維度:探索城鄉(xiāng)分化的政治化及其對歐洲社會影響 36、壓力下的藝術與文化:如何面對鄉(xiāng)村宜居未來的角色? 37、后疫情時代的鄉(xiāng)村人口變化與挑戰(zhàn):復興、韌性還是倒退? 38、作為創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū):變革性戰(zhàn)略與社會創(chuàng)新 39、鄉(xiāng)村老齡化:老年鄉(xiāng)村生活的挑戰(zhàn)與機遇 這些議題意味深遠:關注現(xiàn)實:既要看到當下人的生活實踐,也要傾聽他們對未來的渴望;理論創(chuàng)新:需要理論的批判性,既要檢驗已有的范式,也要探索鄉(xiāng)村復雜性的新方法論;之于學者的責任:需重新界定研究者角色,厘清學術介入與社會行動邊界的相互關系。這些議題與鄉(xiāng)村經驗對非歐洲國家?guī)碇匾膯⑹尽?/p> 會議舉辦包括多種形式,諸如:學術報告、圓桌討論、音視頻材料、現(xiàn)場表演(音樂、戲劇、詩歌)、攝影或藝術展覽、圖書發(fā)布等環(huán)節(jié)。 會議期間,大會還組織了不同線路的城鄉(xiāng)考察項目。筆者參加了里加世界文化遺產之一“中央市場”。這是德國侵占拉脫維亞戰(zhàn)敗后,政府利用當年制造武器的五個高大建筑,變?yōu)樽尦鞘谐錆M“接地氣”、“煙火氣”的城市生活聚集地,如今已百年有余。這里不僅與拉脫維亞人日常生活息息相關,也帶動了城鄉(xiāng)一體化的發(fā)展,并輻射到周邊國家。既有充滿人文關懷的生活情趣,也帶動城鄉(xiāng)經濟發(fā)展和就業(yè)。 據(jù)大會的統(tǒng)計,參加歐洲鄉(xiāng)村社會學協(xié)會的會員數(shù)量,第一位是英國、第二位是德國、第三位是荷蘭。這一統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)耐人尋味。 其中會議分議題:“鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)食物自給與技能:家庭與社區(qū)層面的韌性啟示”一組的投稿人和聽會人格外多,討論也很熱烈。一方面表達了對“去增長、少消費、更自然”價值理念的追求;另一方面也看到歐洲人面對不確定性所做出前瞻性的預警。 大會還選舉了新的一屆理事會,報告了過去兩年協(xié)會的會員增長、財務收支等情況。 筆者,參加了兩個組別的討論,分別提交了:Home Gardening: Resilience, Dilemmas, and the Promise of Alternative Food Systems的論文;另一篇關注了:Nurturing a Sound Personality and Rural Vitality in Ecological Games (Education)(附摘要于后) (Rīga Stradi?? University座落于綠色植被和大樹的環(huán)境之中)The newly elected Executive Board of the European Association of Rural Sociologists. Mi?elis Grīvi?? - first from left(修道院社交畫面)(專題討論組現(xiàn)場)(中央市場外景)(中央市場的蔬果味道純正。據(jù)悉政府有嚴格的食品源頭監(jiān)察體系,確保食物的品質。)(ESRS2025大會官方LOGO)附摘要(1) "Being Flatted", the Phenomenon Among Chinese Farmers, its Potential Risks and Lessons——The urgency to regain values of food-self provisioningHuidi Ma Fangliang WangAbstractThe phenomenon of "Being Flatted" refers to Chinese farmers’ land being taken for reclamation and urban development (Ministry of Land and Resources, 2008), forcing them to move out of their ancestral estates into high-rise buildings. Its consequences: the local governments’ expropriation of arable lands for property development has left villagers unable to grow food in the fields or yards, and their cost-of-living increase (Chen Xiwen, 2011). In allusion to this phenomenon, the article focuses on the working and living conditions of approximately 200 million rural residents who have gone into town over the past decade. By examining the status quo of their allotments, urban living costs, food sources, and food reserves, we uncover the longstanding trend of rural hollowing. It would be like hidden potential risks: there’s no one to hand over the farming skills, and old wisdoms are irretrievably lost. Meanwhile, the spirits of law, fairness and justice are being challenged; a new underprivileged class emerge; and social conflicts rise. Our conclusion: the inconsistent rural policies have left villagers with broken hopes; They “enter with city optimism but leave in despair”. The loss of allotment means heavier burden in domestic life, the decline of folk agricultural techniques, and lower resilience to food shortages. These add to the uncertainty of outlook, striking a deathblow to families or even the entire country. For now, the top priority should be to turn our vision from the commercial system to the value of food-self provisioning in rural life. Key Words: "Being Flatted”, loss of allotment, rural hollowing, potential risks, lessons 附摘要(2) Nurturing a Sound Personality and Rural Vitality in Ecological Games (Education)Huidi MaAbstract:The natural attributes of rural endow ecological education in serious games with endless imagination and creativity. Currently, various projects in China focused on youth natural education (such as planting, animals, plants, microorganisms, geography, phenology, etc.) are flourishing. Across different regions, a diverse range of "natural value" (Holmes Rolston) curricula have emerged, enabling youth to explore the interconnectedness of human, nature, the earth and others through activities that foster both sound personality development and rural vitality. This paper uses the NGO of "Friends of Nature" as a case study to investigate the motivations, preferences, and interests cultivated in the participants of those serious games. It examines the roles they play in " state of being " and " socialization" (John R. Kelly), as well as their attitudes towards social care. The study aims to construct a "Serious Games Model " to analyze the complex dynamic relationships among human, natural ecology and social ecology. It tracks and assesses the correlation, effectiveness, and limitations of interrelated transformations, and predicts and the potential of serious games to counteract the encroachment of AI technology on human nature. Additionally, it explores social practices rooted in the cultural heritage of rural ecology. The research concludes that serious games contribute to enhancing the vitality and livability of rural environments, promoting urban-rural integration. Against the background of today's deeply technologized human life, boldly innovating serious games in rural areas can both repair human nature and cultivate "technological virtues" (Shannon Vallor). In summary, humans bear responsibilities to uphold the natural attributes of both rural environments and themselves. 【Keywords】Rural vitality , Ecological education, Sound personality, Technological virtues |
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